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Arundina graminifolia

(D.Don) Hochr. (1910)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Genus: Arundina

bamboo orchid

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Tufted terrestrial herbs 10-25 dm tall.

Stems: Arising from short horizontal rhizomes, stems usually crowded together, completely enclosed by a series of persistent sheathing leaf bases.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades firm, grass-like, linear-lanceolate, 8-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5(-2) cm wide. Bases sheath-like, overlapping. Blades firm. Margins entire. Midrib impressed on upper surface, conspicuously raised on lower surface. Sheathing, sheaths 2-4 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal, racemose or paniculate inflorescences 10-70 cm long, peduncles slender, dark green or reddish purple, glabrous, bracts erect, broadly ovate, 3-7 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Sepals pale pink to rose, the dorsal one ascending, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 3-4.5 cm long, ventral sepals appressed to surface of labellum, elliptic, 3-4.5 cm long. Corolla Lateral petals similar in color to sepals, spreading or reflexed horizontally, broadly elliptic to obovate, 2.5-3.8 cm long; labellum pale to dark reddish purple, +/- with yellow markings on the throat, 4-5 cm long, entire or weakly 3-lobed, middle lobe undulate, deeply cleft, margins irregularly crenate. Stamen 1, adnate to and surrounding the style forming a column. Column curved toward labellum, slender with an expanded apex, unappendaged; anther terminal, persistent. Ovary inferior, 3-carpellate; stigma deeply recessed into the anterior apex of column, entire.

Fruit: Capsules pendent; cylindrical; 6-ribbed; 3.5-5.5 cm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 32; 40; 42

Habitat: Naturalized and sometimes locally common in disturbed; mesic to wet forest; and as a pioneer on lava fields.

Elevation Range: 75–920 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Potentially naturalizing
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 270 (1910)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1471 (K, O, EM, H); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2000:7 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:716 (DESCR); Oppenheimer & Bogner 2019:22 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Arundina graminifolia East Maui, Hana District, 2.5 km W of Hana Hwy & Waikoloa Rd in the Kawaipapa area Tropical lowland forest planted w. introduced trees. Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3243 Maui BISH 1997-01-17
2 Arundina graminifolia Moanalua Valley Wet ridge top, associated with Dicranopteris linearis, Stachytrapheta. Preserved_Specimen Arthur, K. 22 Oahu BISH 2025-01-03
3 Arundina graminifolia Just NW of Pahoa, Puna Common on grassy roadside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 38650 Hawaii BISH 1956-09-20
4 Arundina graminifolia North Kona Distr., Holualoa Roadside weed. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119822 Hawaii BISH 1998-11-29
5 Arundina graminifolia On old Rail Raod Ave.in lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Found near beginning of Transect C Roadside vegetation. Occurs in full sun. Occurs commonly throughout area. Found in association with Brachiaria. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790028 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
6 Arundina graminifolia East Maui, Hana District, S Fork of Waiohonu Stream, along stream bank With Machaerina. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 148 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
7 Arundina graminifolia On old Rail Road Ave., in lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Found near the beginning of Transect C Occurs in full sun. Found in association with Brachiaria. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790028 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
8 Arundina graminifolia Keauohana Forest Reserve, near Pahoa Sparingly naturalized with the very much more common Spathoglottis plicata among grasses and bushes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21765 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-02
9 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, Lahaina District, Kaulalewelewe, along road to Haelaau Cabin Growing on bank alongside road. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119812 Maui BISH 1998-11-26
10 Arundina graminifolia Along fumeroles of Chain-of-Craters Road, Kilauea region Among grass and bushes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23722 Hawaii BISH 1954-11-12
11 Arundina graminifolia In Kahana Valley area, at the end of foot trail across Kahana Stream dam, past the 1st eroded area In open grass land. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 140 Oahu BISH 1972-08-13
12 Arundina graminifolia S Hilo District, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, along Stainback Hwy Disturbed ohia woods. Common. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 14029 Hawaii BISH 1968-07-02
13 Arundina graminifolia Drive down Kona-Hilo Hwy ca. 4 mi past Hongo Store toward Hilo. Turn right on Fern Estates Road and drive about 1.1 mi Plant located ca. 25 m E (left side) of road. (plot 56) Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 637 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-28
14 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, Lahaina District, Puu Kukui Watershed, on a narrow ridgetop dividing Kahana and Kahanaiki Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 89910 Maui BISH 1999-08-06
15 Arundina graminifolia Aiea Loop Trail On side of trail. With Eucalyptus robusta, Clidemia hirta, Psidium cattleyanum, Dicranopteris linearis, Setaria palmifolia, and Blechnum appendiculatum. Preserved_Specimen Walvoord, N. 2018007 Oahu BISH 2018-10-14
16 Arundina graminifolia caldera floor near Halemaumau, Kilauea Volcano Common in cooler areas in fumarole field. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 47732 Hawaii BISH 1965-09-20
17 Arundina graminifolia Munro Trail. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 91644 Lanai BISH 2016-09-28
18 Arundina graminifolia On 1955 lava flow at the 950 ft level in Kamaili, Puna Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 19663 Hawaii BISH 1962-04-19
19 Arundina graminifolia Hwy H20, 4-5 mi outside of Hilo on Saddle Rd., W of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Young, D.A. 1657 Hawaii BISH 1979-01-19
20 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
21 Arundina graminifolia Drive down Chain of Craters Rd. about 7.4 mi toward kalapana from intersection w/Crater Rim Road. Walk up Napau Crater Trail (to rt of Makaopuhi Crater sign) ca. 1.5 mi Plant was about 7 m 122° to rt of trail (plot 9) Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 853 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-24
22 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
23 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
24 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, along Waihee Ridge Trail below Lanilili Peak Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3048 Maui BISH 1989-06-07
25 Arundina graminifolia Kulani Prison Rd. ca. 2 mi from jct with Hwy 11 On roadside. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4124 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-07
26 Arundina graminifolia Forest Reserve bewteen Pahoa and Kalapana, Puna District Locally very abundant and spreading in recent a`a flow. Growing with Spathoglottis, Andropogon virginicus, Sadleria, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 503 Hawaii BISH 1950-10-30
27 Arundina graminifolia Down Kona-Hilo Hwy 4 mi past Hongo Store toward Hilo. Turn rt onto Fern Estates Rd. Plant was ca. 200 m down Fern Estates Rd. on rt side (plot 55) Scrub forest community with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Andropogon. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 670 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-31
28 Arundina graminifolia Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Miller, J.S. 7897 Oahu BISH 1992-08-02
29 Arundina graminifolia Punaluu, Castle Trail from Punaluu to Kaluanui Valley and stream, on E side of N Koolaus Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1462 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
30 Arundina graminifolia Kanaele Swamp (Wahiawa Bog) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4991 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
31 Arundina graminifolia South Kona Distr., Honomalino Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119818 Hawaii BISH 1998-11-27
32 Arundina graminifolia K????lauea, Volcano, HI, US HUMAN_OBSERVATION -78194139 Hawaii HAPI 4/27/2006
33 Arundina graminifolia North Kona Distr., Holualoa OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
34 Arundina graminifolia Above right side of Wilson tunnel, Kaneohe side of mts Growing on level, grassy area. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 79 Oahu BISH 1979-01-06
35 Arundina graminifolia Koloa District: Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve, jeep track from Alexander Reservoir to base of Mt. Kahili, above Wahiawa Bog Rich, wet forest w/Metrosideros, Syzygium, and Cheirodendron. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5578 Kauai BISH 1987-09-30
36 Arundina graminifolia Located down Chain of Craters Road ca. 14.8 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/Crater rim Road; or 1.9 mi past Naulu Picnic Area Road At left of road. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 867 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-25
37 Arundina graminifolia Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District The plant is very common in the higher elevations from 200 to 300 ft. elevation. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 79.232 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-29
38 Arundina graminifolia Ewa District: Koolau Mts., Ewa Forest Reserve, NE of Pacific Palisades. Manana Trail, at end of Komo Mai Drive Dry, grassy, open ridge. Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5337 Oahu BISH 1983-08-27
39 Arundina graminifolia Koolau Mts., Castle Trail Wet forest, along trail. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5638 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
40 Arundina graminifolia Along road to Wahiawa Bog, near Alexander reservoir Growing on graded area. Preserved_Specimen Kores, P.J. 155 Kauai BISH 1979-09-06
41 Arundina graminifolia Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve NEON Growing roadside in MEPO5/DILI wet forest. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Vaccinium calycinum, Machaerina angustifolia, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Andropogon virginicus, Axonopus fissifolius, & Holcus lanatus. Preserved_Specimen Uehana, S.T. 2003 Hawaii BISH 2024-06-12
42 Arundina graminifolia Kipapa Trail, ~2 mi from boundary, N side of trail disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Reynolds, L.S. 223 Oahu BISH 2006-07-20
43 Arundina graminifolia Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, beside Puu oo Trail Of common occurrence in Andropogon virginicus grassland. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 621 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-02
44 Arundina graminifolia Makai of Kulani Prison Ubiquitous and naturalized in grassy lava fields. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27758 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-08
45 Arundina graminifolia Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, beside Puu oo Trail Andropogon virginicus grassland. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 621 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-02
46 Arundina graminifolia East Maui, Hana District, 2.5 km W of Hana Hwy & Waikoloa Rd in the Kawaipapa area Tropical lowland forest planted w. introduced trees. Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3243 Maui BISH 1997-01-17
47 Arundina graminifolia Moanalua Valley Wet ridge top, associated with Dicranopteris linearis, Stachytrapheta. Preserved_Specimen Arthur, K. 22 Oahu BISH 2025-01-03
48 Arundina graminifolia Just NW of Pahoa, Puna Common on grassy roadside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 38650 Hawaii BISH 1956-09-20
49 Arundina graminifolia North Kona Distr., Holualoa Roadside weed. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119822 Hawaii BISH 1998-11-29
50 Arundina graminifolia On old Rail Raod Ave.in lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Found near beginning of Transect C Roadside vegetation. Occurs in full sun. Occurs commonly throughout area. Found in association with Brachiaria. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790028 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
51 Arundina graminifolia East Maui, Hana District, S Fork of Waiohonu Stream, along stream bank With Machaerina. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 148 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
52 Arundina graminifolia On old Rail Road Ave., in lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Found near the beginning of Transect C Occurs in full sun. Found in association with Brachiaria. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790028 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
53 Arundina graminifolia Keauohana Forest Reserve, near Pahoa Sparingly naturalized with the very much more common Spathoglottis plicata among grasses and bushes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21765 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-02
54 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, Lahaina District, Kaulalewelewe, along road to Haelaau Cabin Growing on bank alongside road. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119812 Maui BISH 1998-11-26
55 Arundina graminifolia Along fumeroles of Chain-of-Craters Road, Kilauea region Among grass and bushes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23722 Hawaii BISH 1954-11-12
56 Arundina graminifolia In Kahana Valley area, at the end of foot trail across Kahana Stream dam, past the 1st eroded area In open grass land. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 140 Oahu BISH 1972-08-13
57 Arundina graminifolia S Hilo District, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, along Stainback Hwy Disturbed ohia woods. Common. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 14029 Hawaii BISH 1968-07-02
58 Arundina graminifolia Drive down Kona-Hilo Hwy ca. 4 mi past Hongo Store toward Hilo. Turn right on Fern Estates Road and drive about 1.1 mi Plant located ca. 25 m E (left side) of road. (plot 56) Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 637 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-28
59 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, Lahaina District, Puu Kukui Watershed, on a narrow ridgetop dividing Kahana and Kahanaiki Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 89910 Maui BISH 1999-08-06
60 Arundina graminifolia Aiea Loop Trail On side of trail. With Eucalyptus robusta, Clidemia hirta, Psidium cattleyanum, Dicranopteris linearis, Setaria palmifolia, and Blechnum appendiculatum. Preserved_Specimen Walvoord, N. 2018007 Oahu BISH 2018-10-14
61 Arundina graminifolia caldera floor near Halemaumau, Kilauea Volcano Common in cooler areas in fumarole field. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 47732 Hawaii BISH 1965-09-20
62 Arundina graminifolia Munro Trail. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 91644 Lanai BISH 2016-09-28
63 Arundina graminifolia On 1955 lava flow at the 950 ft level in Kamaili, Puna Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 19663 Hawaii BISH 1962-04-19
64 Arundina graminifolia Hwy H20, 4-5 mi outside of Hilo on Saddle Rd., W of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Young, D.A. 1657 Hawaii BISH 1979-01-19
65 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
66 Arundina graminifolia Drive down Chain of Craters Rd. about 7.4 mi toward kalapana from intersection w/Crater Rim Road. Walk up Napau Crater Trail (to rt of Makaopuhi Crater sign) ca. 1.5 mi Plant was about 7 m 122° to rt of trail (plot 9) Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 853 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-24
67 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
68 Arundina graminifolia N side of Saddle Road 11 mi from Hilo Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 893 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-07
69 Arundina graminifolia W Maui, along Waihee Ridge Trail below Lanilili Peak Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3048 Maui BISH 1989-06-07
70 Arundina graminifolia Kulani Prison Rd. ca. 2 mi from jct with Hwy 11 On roadside. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4124 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-07
71 Arundina graminifolia Forest Reserve bewteen Pahoa and Kalapana, Puna District Locally very abundant and spreading in recent a`a flow. Growing with Spathoglottis, Andropogon virginicus, Sadleria, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 503 Hawaii BISH 1950-10-30
72 Arundina graminifolia Down Kona-Hilo Hwy 4 mi past Hongo Store toward Hilo. Turn rt onto Fern Estates Rd. Plant was ca. 200 m down Fern Estates Rd. on rt side (plot 55) Scrub forest community with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Andropogon. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 670 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-31
73 Arundina graminifolia Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Miller, J.S. 7897 Oahu BISH 1992-08-02
74 Arundina graminifolia Punaluu, Castle Trail from Punaluu to Kaluanui Valley and stream, on E side of N Koolaus Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1462 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
75 Arundina graminifolia Kanaele Swamp (Wahiawa Bog) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4991 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
76 Arundina graminifolia South Kona Distr., Honomalino Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119818 Hawaii BISH 1998-11-27
77 Arundina graminifolia K????lauea, Volcano, HI, US HUMAN_OBSERVATION -78194139 Hawaii HAPI 4/27/2006
78 Arundina graminifolia North Kona Distr., Holualoa OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
79 Arundina graminifolia Above right side of Wilson tunnel, Kaneohe side of mts Growing on level, grassy area. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 79 Oahu BISH 1979-01-06
80 Arundina graminifolia Koloa District: Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve, jeep track from Alexander Reservoir to base of Mt. Kahili, above Wahiawa Bog Rich, wet forest w/Metrosideros, Syzygium, and Cheirodendron. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5578 Kauai BISH 1987-09-30
81 Arundina graminifolia Located down Chain of Craters Road ca. 14.8 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/Crater rim Road; or 1.9 mi past Naulu Picnic Area Road At left of road. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 867 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-25
82 Arundina graminifolia Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District The plant is very common in the higher elevations from 200 to 300 ft. elevation. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 79.232 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-29
83 Arundina graminifolia Ewa District: Koolau Mts., Ewa Forest Reserve, NE of Pacific Palisades. Manana Trail, at end of Komo Mai Drive Dry, grassy, open ridge. Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5337 Oahu BISH 1983-08-27
84 Arundina graminifolia Koolau Mts., Castle Trail Wet forest, along trail. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5638 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
85 Arundina graminifolia Along road to Wahiawa Bog, near Alexander reservoir Growing on graded area. Preserved_Specimen Kores, P.J. 155 Kauai BISH 1979-09-06
86 Arundina graminifolia Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve NEON Growing roadside in MEPO5/DILI wet forest. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Vaccinium calycinum, Machaerina angustifolia, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Andropogon virginicus, Axonopus fissifolius, & Holcus lanatus. Preserved_Specimen Uehana, S.T. 2003 Hawaii BISH 2024-06-12
87 Arundina graminifolia Kipapa Trail, ~2 mi from boundary, N side of trail disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Reynolds, L.S. 223 Oahu BISH 2006-07-20
88 Arundina graminifolia Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, beside Puu oo Trail Of common occurrence in Andropogon virginicus grassland. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 621 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-02
89 Arundina graminifolia Makai of Kulani Prison Ubiquitous and naturalized in grassy lava fields. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27758 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-08
90 Arundina graminifolia Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, beside Puu oo Trail Andropogon virginicus grassland. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 621 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-02
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